3 to 8 decoder using 2 to 4 decoder I'm trying to implement a 4 to 16 decoder using 2 to 4 decoder and 3 to 8 decoder. 2 to 4 Decoder. Construct a 5-to-32 line decoder with four 3-to-8 line decoder with enable and a 2-to-4 line decoder. Oct 28, 2013 · Solar-Powered Smart Street Lighting with Motion Detection using LT Spice: Homework Help: 2: Jan 28, 2025: Touchpad using ne555: Homework Help: 1: Nov 30, 2024: M: Transimpedance amplifier design using BJT: Homework Help: 3: Nov 7, 2024: Help Needed: Active Cell Balancer Design Using STM32 and TC4422 Driver: Automation, Robotics & Control: 3 Mar 22, 2015 · I want to draw the logic circuit and create a truth table for a 3-to-8 decoder with ENABLE on Vhdl. The two least significant bits of the input are connected to both decoders. Do not use any gates. Using ONLY concurrent statements (signal assignments), write a VHDL code for a 3-to-8 decoder with ENABLE. The inputs of the resulting 3-to-8 decoder should be labeled X[2. 1-Input: BUF, NOT 2-Input: AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, XNOR The first step is to write the truth tables for all eight of these gates. No additional logic gates can be used. Hello, I moved your post from the other thread, as it is an other question. I found an implementation with TG on the web (transmission gate) as the following picture, but I can not design one with pass transistors. When enable pin is high at one 3 Question: Design the following three decoders with Enable inputs using Logisim software: 1. That way a certain decoder is enabled when a certain combination of l 4 l 5 l_4l_5 l 4 l 5 is given. Design and implement a 3-to-8 Line decoder using 2-to-4 decoders write the truth table, then draw the logic diagram 2. 5-32 line decoder Answer to for 3 to 8 decoder using two 2 to 4 decoder in. Designing of 3 to 8 decoder using 2 to 4 decoder. And what a surprise: there's "10" (ten) marked at the output 3 to 8 decoder using 2 to 4 decoders3 to 8 decoder using 2 to 4 decoder,3 to 8 decoder using 2 to 4 decoder in english,3 to 8 line decoder using 2 to 4 decod Design 4 to 16 Decoder using 3 to 8 Decoder constructed using 2-4 Decoders. Two 2-to-4-line decoders are combined to achieve a 3-to-8-line decoder. Perform CAD simulation of your design. I looked a lot at google but i cant find a solution. It uses all AND gates, and therefore, the outputs are active- high. Implement the following function using a decoder F(a,b,c,d)=∑(0,3,4,6,7,11,12,14,15) F=AB+BC′+A′C Implement the following Boolean functions with NOR gates only F=(x+y′)⋅(x′+y)⋅z Decoder Design Using Predecoding •Example: predecode groups of 3 address bits –Predecoding groups: 3 + 3 + 2 for the same 8:256 decoder –Each 3-input predecode group has 2^3 = 8 output wires –Each 3-input predecoded wire has N/8 loads –Total of 8 + 8 + 4 = 20 predecoded wires •Example: predecode groups of 4 address bits A decoder is a combinational circuit that converts the binary information from n input lines to a maximum of 2^{n} unique output lines. For a 3 : 8 decoder, total number of input lines is 3 and total number of output lines is 8. The 3:8 decoder can be derived from the 2:4 circuit. Construct a 3-to-8 decoder using two 2-to-4 decoders and any additional necessary gates. 22% for 4:16 decoder Using the 2 to 4 decoder you built in question 1 above: 1. Here's my current solution. First create a truth table for the 3-to-8 decoder. Write structural Verilog code for 3 to 8 decoder shown below 2. The 2 to 4 decoder is one that has 2 input lines and 4 (2 2) output lines. Following is the truth table and Logic diagram for 3:8 Decoder. The truth table for the 3-to-8 decoder is shown in Figure 2. Then, program the structural VHDL code for the 3-to-8 decoder by instantiating the previous 2-to-4 decoder as a component using the component/portmap statements. Here is what I did, Note that I couldn't continue writing the full table. First create a truth table for the 3-to-8 decoder. o The two least signifncat bits (i. e. 17 of the book --A 3-to-8 decoder using two 2-to-4 decoders. Feb 9, 2025 · EE301 Lab#2: Design a 3 to 8 decoder using 2 to 4 decoders A 3 to 8 decoder can be built using two 2 to 4 decoders plus some basic logic gates as shown in the following figure: Wo W1 No Yo y1/2 y3 Yo y1 y2 y3 W2 En y4 y5 y6 y7 y1/2 En Figure 6. Right now I have two 2-4 decoders, one representing 0-3, and another representing 4-7. Aug 4, 2021 · Circuit design 3 to 8 decoder using 2 to 4 decoder created by Md. youtube. I didn't listen much in class, regrettably so I don't know much of the terms nor how I'm really supposed to approach this, so please help me along the way. Show transcribed image text. 5-32 line decoder Your solution’s ready to go! May 15, 2020 · VLSI: 3-8 Decoder Dataflow Modelling with Testbench; VLSI: 8-3 Encoder Dataflow Modelling with Testbench; VLSI: 4-2 Encoder Dataflow Modelling with Testbench; VLSI: 4-1 MUX Dataflow Modelling with Testbench; VLSI: 2-1 MUX Dataflow Modelling with Testbench; VLSI: Full Subtractor Dataflow Modelling with Test Dec 23, 2018 · Homework Statement a) Design a 3:8 Decoder using 5:32 Decoder. But feel free to add 3 additional LEDS if you want to. Question: Construct a 3 x 8 decoder using 2 x 4 decoder(s). 3×8 decoder using 2×4 decoders. Figure 2. (30) (To be completed before your lab session. Figure 7 shows how decoders with enable inputs can be connected to form a larger decoder. Fig 2: Circuit representation of 2-to-4, 3-to-8 and 4-to-16 line decoders. Please use two 2-to-4 decoders This document describes an experiment to implement a 2x4 decoder and 3x8 decoder using logic gates. This is routed to the chip select input of decoder (2). 2 to 4 Decoder; 3 to 8 Decoder; 4 to 16 Decoder; Now, let us discuss each type of decoder in detail one by one. The basic gates I am refering to are the one-input and symmetric two-input gates. 25: Construct a 5-to-32-line decoder with four 3-to-8-line decoders with enable and a 2-to- 4-line decoder. Use the logisim software. Electronic devices and circuits: https://www. 3-8 line decoder, using 2-4 line decoders (15 pts). I design a 2-to-4 decoder shown below; Then I created other module, in order to re-create two 2-to-4 decoders by claiming the function above. 0]. the three selection lines of each decoders are connected together as common line(X,Y,Z) , the enable lines are ACTIVE LOW, they are also connected together with a common line W Aug 29, 2017 · 1 of 8 decoder 1 to 2 decoder verilog 1001 sequence detector 16 bit carry select adder 16 bit carry skip adder 16bit pipeline adder 2 to 4 decoder verilog code 2 to 4 decoder verilog code structural 2 to 4 decoder verilog code using behavioural 2 to 4 decoder with enable verilog code 2:1 Multiplexer Verilog example 2:1 MUX 2:1 MUX Verilog Code Dec 6, 2015 · Dear friends. May 21, 2023 · Learn how to design a 3:8 decoder using two 2:4 decoders with active high output and enables. The 3 to 16 line decoder can be constructed using either 2 to 4 decoder or 3 to 8 decoder. 3:8 decoder . What I did, I used 2x of 2-to-4 decoder and 1x 3-to-8 decoder. here is the schematic that may help you. ) Q4. Question: Q3: Design a 5-to-32 decoder using four 3-to-8 decoders and one 2-to-4 decoder. 2-4 line decoder 2. How i can make one 3-8 decoder with (2) 2-4 decoders with out use enable input and without inverse outputs. A 1 and A 0) are connected to both decoders Dec 2, 2019 · 3 to 8 decoder using 2 to 4 decoders3 to 8 decoder using 2 to 4 decoder,3 to 8 decoder using 2 to 4 decoder in hindi,3 to 8 line decoder using 2 to 4 decoder Design a 3- to 8 decoder using two 2-to-4 decoders in Viralog Vivado 2017. Please use two 2-to-4 decoders Aug 22, 2021 · Circuit design 3:8 Decoder Using 2:4 Decoder created by 2004253 with Tinkercad May 24, 2023 · 4. A decoder circuit of the higher combination is obtained by adding two or more lower combinational circuits. Oct 13, 2017 · Figure 6. 4 to 16 decoder circuit is obtained from two 3 to 8 decoder circuits or three 2 to 4 decoder circuits. Implement the following function using a decoder F(a,b,c,d)=∑(0,3,4,6,7,11,12,14,15) F=AB+BC′+A′C Implement the following Boolean functions with NOR gates only F=(x+y′)⋅(x′+y)⋅z Nov 18, 2023 · Your mission is to write Verilog code to implement a 3-to-8 Decoder. 5-32 line decoder For each decoder: - Create the circuit in Logisim - Export the Logisim circuit as an image - Insert the exported image into a Word document - Submit a single Word file containing images Assuming you want to realise such a decoder using 3 × 8 3 \times 8 3 × 8 with enable and 2 × 4 2 \times 4 2 × 4 ones, the best way is to use a 2 2 2-input decoder's output for the enable line. The objectives are to get familiar with decoders and implement a 2x4 and 3x8 decoder. 2 thoughts on “ Verilog HDL Program for 3-8 DECODER USING 2-4 DECODER ” Jones sabo i really do the actual says: April 28, 2013 at 3:50 pm. Each asserted output of the decoder is associated with a unique pattern of input bits. How can I design it? I thought about it, but only 2 to 8 decoder comes out. I hope you could point me out to it. For active- low outputs, NAND gates are Jun 17, 2015 · As there are 32 outputs in 5-to-32 decoder so I will have to use 32/4 = 8, 2-to-4 decoder. The 3-line to 8-line decoder receives parallel inputs denoted as A2, A1, and A0. But then I have total 16 inputs. We can find the number of lower order decoders that together can build a higher order of decoder using the formula given below. 3. A decoder provides 2 n minterms of n input variables. Sep 26, 2011 · With only 4 bits you can name the device in binary and the decoder will select the correct device. Homework Equations - The Attempt at a Solution a) b) ( X3 and X4 are grounded , because we need 3 inputs only ) Could someone check my answer please ? Nov 16, 2014 · For instance, if you did that with a 3-8 decoder, you might use only the low 4 output bits and simply not use the upper 4. Engineering; Electrical Engineering; Electrical Engineering questions and answers; PROBLEM 4 - SUPER DECODER Below is a 3-to-8 decoder that is implemented using 1-to-2 decoders. 3-to-8-line decoder constructed from two 2-to-4-line decoders. A 4-to-16 decoder is suitable for a 4-variable function. The truth table of 3-to-8 decoder. THE REVERSIBLE GATES CONCERNED BY THE STUDY AND THEIR PERFORMANCE CRITERIA In this section we will define the performance criteria This video contains the description about Implementation of 3*8 decoder using two 2*4 decoders. Use block diagrams for the decoders. Decoder (2) has "010" (2 decimal) in its input and activates output 2. Homework Help: 5: May 31, 2022: R: construct a 3-8 decoder using a 2-4 Oct 14, 2012 · So, for now, forget about the 3-to-8 decoder and learn how to implement each of the basic gates using only NAND and also only NOR gates. None of the other decoders activate their output because their CS is inactive. com May 2, 2020 · In this article we will talk about the Decoder itself, we will have a look at the 3 to 8 decoder, 3 to 8 line decoder designing steps, a technique to simplify the Boolean function, and in the end, we will draw a logic diagram of the 3 to 8 decoder. Combine two or more small decoders with enable inputs to form a larger decoder e. but I have not been able to figure it out. 5 days ago · 1 of 8 decoder 1 to 2 decoder verilog 1001 sequence detector 16 bit carry select adder 16 bit carry skip adder 16bit pipeline adder 2 to 4 decoder verilog code 2 to 4 decoder verilog code structural 2 to 4 decoder verilog code using behavioural 2 to 4 decoder with enable verilog code 2:1 Multiplexer Verilog example 2:1 MUX 2:1 MUX Verilog Code A 0, A1, A 2, and A 3. com/watch?v=qNYhbXHBvtELink for Decoder with Enab Oct 7, 2014 · Using only three 2-to-4 decoders with enable and no other additional gates, implement a 3-to-8 decoder with enable. 0 2 to 4 Decoder 0. 2 shows the circuit representation of 2-to-4, 3-to-8 and 4-to-16 line decoders. com/playlist?list=PLnPkMfyANm0yiDMa3lm4Ti-F_fs6a2NQnDi Feb 5, 2022 · 3:8 DECODER WITH 2:4 DECODER [Detailed Explanation and Diagram]Link for Decoder video - https://www. Project access type: Public Description: Created: Sep 09, 2020 Updated: Aug 26, 2023 Question: Design the following three decoders with Enable inputs using Logisim software: 1. the two squares are two 3x8 decoders with enable lines. Now it's just using these 2-to-4 decoders to make to a tree where a decoder on E[5:4] produces enables for decoders on E[3:2] which produce enables for decoders on E[1:0], similar to the 74LVC138 example above. Decoder with enable input can function as demultiplexer. The most significant bit is connected to the enable input of one decoder and through an inverter to the enable input of the other decoder. m 1 = 8 m 2 = 16. Write the Verilog code for 4:16, 3:8, and 2:4 Decoders and verify the results using the truth table and show the output waveform. Required number of lower order decoders=m 2 /m 1. Decoder expansion . As you know, a decoder asserts its output line based on the input. Perform CAD simula- tion of your design. Dec 20, 2020 · Jul 3, 2024: design, construct, test and demonstrate a digital circuit that will display your student number on a seven-segment display. Implement a 3:8 decoder using 2:4 decoders only. Feb 9, 2023 · a. Nov 24, 2008 · The only building block I can use is a 2-4 decoder with active high enable. El is active-high and E2 is active-low. The inputs Ip0 to Ip2 are the binary input lines, and the outputs Op0 to Op7 represent the eight output lines. Every mix of the 3 information bits relates to one dynamic result line, with the leftover lines idle. May 8, 2017 · Use the decoder's higher 4 outputs. the outputs should be labeled Y[7. Example: Construct a 3-to-8 decoder using two 2-to-4 deocders with enable inputs. So you decide to buy two 2x4 decoders, plus some gates (precisely, two chips of 4 AND each, and one chip of 4 inverters). Tasin Alam with Tinkercad Dec 29, 2019 · I'm trying to design a \$3*8\$ decoder using pass transistors. Figure 3 displays the (3 to 8) line DECODER: The (3 to 8) decoder consists of three inputs A, B, and C, and eight outputs D0 D1 D2 D3 D4D5D6D7. Unfortunately, when you go to the hardware store, they only have 2x4 ones. . g. I need to use only of std_logic_vector type for input and output. In this experiment, we used the enable line in the 2-to-4 decoder to build a 3-to-8 decoder from two 2-to-4 decoders. I strucker at taking combination of out puts of two 4:2 encoders. Jun 1, 2021 · I want to design a 3 to 8 decoder with enable using three 2 to 4 decoders without enable and eight AND gates. The functional block diagram of the 2 to 4 decoder is shown in Figure-2. Pleas Jan 22, 2022 · In this post we are going to share with you the Verilog code of decoder. #Decoder Oct 29, 2020 · Circuit design 3:8 Decoder Using 2:4 Decoder created by PRASHANT SINGH with Tinkercad Aug 31, 2021 · In this paper we have exploited a recent study making the design of the decoder 2 to 4, 3 to 8, and n to 2 n , our work aims to enhance the previous designs , by replacing some reversible gates by The 74×138 (ex 74HC138) is a chip that contains a 3-to-8 line decoder/demultiplexer, which is useful for decoding binary coded inputs into a one-out-of-eight output signal. Block diagram of a 3-to-8 decoder Truth Table for 3-to-8 Decoder. Give the VHDl code for your design. Also, explore the applications of decoders and encoders in digital systems. Write test bench file for the 3 to 8 decoder and generate test bench waveform 3. simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab. 3. Question: Construct a 3-to-8 decoder using two 2-to-4 decoders and any additional necessary gates. 2. A four bit modulo-11 count: Homework Help: 3: Oct 14, 2023: I tried to construct the h-bridge circuit im wondering if this is correct. The block diagram illustrating this configuration, utilizing two 2 to 4 decoders, is presented below. Nov 10, 2010 · I want to know how to construct a 3-8 decoder using a 2-4 decoder. #Decoder Treehello everyone in this video lecture i have discussed how we can implement 5 X 32 Decoder using 3 X 8 decoderif u like this video then please li Design the following three decoders with Enable inputs using Logisim software:1. Nov 10, 2010 · Construct 2:4 Decoder circuit with the help of IC74139 (74xx139) Is it possible to construct a 6-to-64 line decoder using a 3-to-8 line decoders You May Also Like Nov 20, 2016 · You need a 3x8 decoder. 2. See full list on elprocus. When two 3 to 8 Decoder circuits are combined the enable pin acts as the input for both the decoders. What needs to be added to our 3-to-8 decoder in order to be able to build a 4-to-16 decoder using two 3-to-8 decoders? What would we need to add to said 4-to-16 decoder in order to build a 5-to-32 decoder using two 4-to-16 Design and implement a 3-to-8 Line decoder using 2-to-4 decoders write the truth table, then draw the logic diagram 2. Give the VHDI code for your design. Make sure to label all the inputs & outputs of the decoders Question: 2. Nov 29, 2024 · Assalam o Alaikum!How to make 3 by 8 decoder by using two 2 by 4 decoder?| Lecture 7| For DLDYour searchesIn this lecture, Sir Abdul Manan teaches how to mak First create a truth table for the 3-to-8 decoder. Use the following block diagram for 2 x 4 decoder(s). See that the input pins of the 2:4 decoders are not floating (they are connected either to VCC/GND/Signal but should not be left floating) Here’s the best way to solve it. d. 2:4 decoder Inputs:Enable pinDecoder Inputs- SW0, SW13:8 decoder Inputs:Enable PinDecoder Inputs - SW0 , SW1, SW2 2-to-4 line decoder. Mar 9, 2016 · I am trying to build a 3-8 decoder without an enable by using two 2-4 decoders (that also don't have enables), two chips that each contain 4 AND gates, and one chip that contains 4 NOT gates. As I want to create 5-to-32 decoder so I need only 5 inputs, what do I do Fig. I have tried to base my solution on this answer: Design a 3-to-8 Decoder Using Only Three 2-to-4 Decoders. (10 pts. 3-8 line decoder, using 2-4 line decoders 3. c. code must have the concept of module instantiation. Verilog Module: 3-to-8 Decoder. 17 of the book A 3 to 8 decoder using two 2 to 4 decoders First, create a truth table for the 3 to 8 decoder. II. Forked from: prateek sachan/3:8 DECODER USING 2:4 DECODER The proposed CNTFET-based reversible decoders have high performance in the average power consumption (approximately 99. If the n-bit coded information has unused combination, the decoder may have fewer than 2^{n} outputs. Design a 4-to-16 Decoder using a 3-to-8 Decoder constructed using 2-to-4 Decoders. Provide the internal circuit of a 2-to-4 Decoder using SOP, POS, NAND, NOR logic design. Your solution’s ready to go! Our expert help has broken down your problem into an easy-to-learn solution you can count on. 3:8 Decoder circuit Figure 9 shows the 3 layered 3:8 decoder circuit. finally, in the 5thsection a conclusion and perspectives. This permits the decoder to choose one of the eight potential results in view of the information-paired esteem. The three layers of the decoder circuit is shown in Fig. 4. There is the following formula used to find the required number of lower-order decoders. In the 2:4 decoder, we have 2 input lines and 4 output lines. The effect is that for any three-bit input, the device would only provide a (connected) output if the high bit is zero. Jan 26, 2015 · The first decoder gets "001" (1 decimal) in its input and activates output 1. But I think there is a mistake in the 3-to-8 part. 3 to 8 Decoder using 2 to 4 Line. Required number of 3 to 8 decoders= =2. In this guide, you’ll learn the things you need to know about this chip in order to use decoders/demultiplexers in your own projects. The decoder takes a 3-bit input and activates one of the eight output lines based on the binary value of the input. Dec 21, 2024 · Solution For Show how to construct a 3 to 8 Decoder using two 2 to 4 active low Enable Decoders in the area specified by Fig D. For your convenience the 2-to-4 decoder blocks have two enable inputs E1 and E2. Jan 14, 2017 · Hi everyone I want to design a 8:3 encoder using two 4:2 encoders. 12 shows the polarization and energy dissipation graph with the temperature variation. 4. ) Question: Construct a 5-to-32 decoder using only 2-to-4 decoders and 3-to-8 decoders with enable Design a 32-to-1 multiplexer using only 8-to-1 multiplexer. b) Design a 5:32 Decoder using 3:8 Decoder. b. 99% for 2:4 decoder, 99. A decoder is a combinational logic circuit that has ‘n’ input signal lines and 2 n output lines. Sep 6, 2024 · How does a 3-to-8 decoder work? A 3-to-8 decoder has 3 information lines and 8 result lines. The 238 decoder (in my case the 74HC238N) uses 3 selector inputs called A0, A1 and A2 which together can make 8 possible combinations (2^3=8) and thus has 8 outputs (0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7). Dec 6, 2015 · Dear friends. I don’t know where to connect the other input and enable. Use block diagrams for the components. #Implementationof3to8decoderusingtwo2to4decoders#Implementatio Aug 4, 2023 · Figure 1. Block Diagram: Truth Table: Question: Create three types of decoders: a 2-4 line decoder, a 3-8 line decoder using 2-4 line decoders, and a 5-32 line decoder. Generate schematic view for this decoder 3 C S 2 to 4 Decoder B 0: 0; A 0. decoder 2 to 4, 3 to 8 and n to 2nand display 5 performance criteria while calculating the percentages of improvement ob-tained. Using these, design a 3x8 decoder. Thanks in advance. In my tutorial I only use 5 of the outputs to turn on/off 5 LEDS. Aug 26, 2023 · 3*8 decoder using 2*4 decoder 0 Stars 50 Views Author: Harshita Singh. For the purpose mentioned in your classroom, a 3-to-8 decoder can help you implement a 3-variable Boolean function. Combinational Logic Implementation. 2-4 line decoder (10 pts). Two 2-to-4 line decoders are combined to build a 3-to-8 line decoder. Construct a 5-to-32 line decoder with four 3-to-8 line decoders with enable input and one 2-to- 4 line decoder. Question: Design the 3-to-8 decoder using 2-to-4 decoders as building blocks. Provide images of all 3 circuits in the logisim software. A combinational circuit has 3 outputs given by Fi=x’y+xy'; F2= x’yz+xz', F3= xy'. #decoder #coding #verilog #code #testbench #truthtable #simulation Apr 12, 2022 · 3:8 DECODER USING 2:4 DECODER 0 Stars 277 Views Author: Akriti Kumari. Aug 26, 2023 · 3-to-8 Decoder using 2-to-4 0 Stars 41 Views Author: Manas Deep. Q. There are usually 8 tests to perform with enable set to ‘1’. 0] for the code input and E for the enable input. Project access type: Public Description: Created: Sep 25, 2020 Updated: Aug 26, 2023 3. 2 x4 decoder b O E . (3 to 8) decoder decodes the information from 2 inputs into a 4-bit code. Note that you need to first include the 2-to-4 decoder in your current project. Mar 23, 2022 · Before proceeding to code we shall look into the truth table and logic symbol of the 2:4 Decoder. I need help to get some ideas about the design. Figure 11 shows the simulated output for the 3:8 decoder circuit and Fig. ) Question: Problem Statement: Design and implement a 3:8 decoder using only 2:4 decoders in verilog vivado 2020. 10. We can build a 3×8 decoder using two 2×4 decoders. Wo W yo Y1 Y2 W2 En Y3 En w yo Y4 Ys Ys 17 A 3-to-8 decoder using two 2-to-4 deceders. Could you please helpme out how to design it. what about \$2*4\$ or \$1*2\$? #Decoder Tree hello everyone in this video lecture i have discussed how we can implement 5 X 32 Decoder using 3 X 8 decoder if u like this video then please like, share, comment and subscribe thanku</p> Question: Construct a 3-to-8 decoder using two 2-to-4 decoders and any additional necessary gates. Design the combinational circuit using 3-to-8 decoders and combinational gates. It provides the required components, theory on how 2x4 and 3x8 decoders work, circuit diagrams, truth tables and procedures for setting up the decoders in a logic gate simulator. Dec 1, 2023 · Consequently, to implement a single 3 to 8 decoder, two 2-line to 4-line decoders are essential. 2:4 Decoder. 99% for 3:8 decoder, and 99. Feb 28, 2015 · you have to design a 4x16 decoder using two 3x8 decoders. ecgz bfibq tgsa attifz uymv kds gcjpajo edccda shlqz ydqvwb hvzttth mhdk rdps oujh toqzl